One Simple Way to Love Your Neighbor

By Karen A. Bellenir

In the millennia since Jesus first urged his disciples to “Love your neighbor as yourself,” his disciples have struggled with the concept of defining and loving their neighbors. That struggle continues today.

One area concerns the spread of COVID-19. The command to love your neighbor as yourself suggests that a Christian response would be to take steps to avoid spreading the disease.

Because the new coronavirus responsible for the current pandemic is actively being studied by many researchers around the globe, guidelines for reducing its transmission have been developing and evolving as new data emerges and situations change. An analysis of this research was published in the medical journal, The Lancet (published online  June 1, 2020). The probe examined 172 studies that were conducted across 16 countries. Its authors reported, “Physical distancing of one meter or more was associated with a much lower risk of infection, as was use of face masks.” They went on to say, “Added benefits are likely with even larger physical distances (for example, two meters or more based on modelling) and might be present with N95 or similar respirators versus medical masks or similar.” This study does not represent the final word on the subject. Its authors note, “Robust randomised trials are needed to better inform the evidence for these interventions, but this systematic appraisal of currently best available evidence might inform interim guidance.”

The folks at the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) agree. In “Masks and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19),” authors Angel N. Desai, MD, MPH and David M. Aronoff, MD say, “Social distancing and good hand hygiene are the most important methods of preventing coronavirus transmission, but wearing masks in public can limit the spread of COVID-19 by people who have the virus.” The article goes on to explain, “Primary benefits of wearing a mask include limiting the spread of the virus from someone who knows or does not know they have an infection to others.”

In other words, the best ways to protect yourself and others from the coronavirus are to wash your hands frequently and maintain an adequate physical distance (two meters is about six and a half feet). Additionally, to further help reduce the possibility that you could spread the virus in public places, especially where the consistent maintenance of social distance is impractical (such as along the aisles of a grocery store), people should wear a mask that covers the mouth and nose.

Wearing a facial mask is not a partisan statement of support for (or opposition against) any individual or political party. It is one component of the best response we currently have to address a public health need. Wearing a mask demonstrates your care and concern for other people. It is a simple, practical way to love your neighbor.

What Is a Virus?

By Karen A. Bellenir

Current news stories seem dominated with practical and political matters associated with the global coronavirus outbreak. There are questions about how to treat people with symptoms, how to prevent the virus’s spread, and what to do about the economic impact of business closures and stay-at-home edicts. There are guidelines for handwashing, sanitizing surfaces, and wearing masks. A myriad of suggestions also circulate, offering advice for virtual social gatherings and spending time in isolation.

Although the coronavirus is presenting some unique challenges, other viral outbreaks have preceded it. For just a few examples, you may recall a time when names such as the Ebola virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and hepatitis C dominated the headlines. Or, perhaps you remember when the news focused on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Historically, humanity has battled these and other viral foes, including polio (caused by the poliovirus) and smallpox (caused by Variola viruses). Additionally, a host of other viruses (such as those that cause influenza, measles, mumps, chickenpox, herpes, rabies, and even the “common cold”) capture people’s attention from time to time.

This illustration, created at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through electron microscopy, shows the structure of the coronaviruses. Corona is a Latin word that means crown. It refers to the spikes on the virus’s outer surface w…

This illustration, created at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through electron microscopy, shows the structure of the coronaviruses. Corona is a Latin word that means crown. It refers to the spikes on the virus’s outer surface which give it a crown-like appearance. Photo credit: Alissa Eckert, MS; Dan Higgins, MAMS. CDC, public domain.

So, what exactly is a virus?

In today’s world, many people may be more familiar with computer-related jargon than with biological terms. A computer virus is a piece of software that can insert itself into other software, replicate itself, and do malicious or mischievous things. Computer viruses were so named because of parallels that exist between them and their biological counterparts. In biology, a virus is a type of particle that invades cells within the body and replicates itself by hijacking the infected cells.

Viruses may be round like the coronavirus, but they also come in other shapes. They are infinitesimally small, measured in nanometers (that is, billionths of a meter). The coronavirus measures about 120–125 nanometers. To understanding how small this is, consider a strand of human hair, which might average about 75 microns in diameter (a micron is a millionth of a meter). It would take approximately 600 coronaviruses lined up in a row to span the diameter of a single hair.

On their own, viruses are dormant. They do not become active until they invade a host’s cells. When the virus seizes the reproductive apparatus of cells within a person’s body, the immune system goes into action and tries to figure out how to expel the invader. People get sick as a result of the immune system’s response to the viral attack (a fever, for example results from the immune system trying to eliminate the threatening infectious agent). People can also get sick as a result of the virus itself when it causes interference with cellular function or results in cell death.

Antibiotics, which are used to combat bacterial infections, are ineffective against viruses because viruses and bacteria are different types of infectious agents. Strategies used against viral disease include vaccines that teach the immune system how to fight off specific viruses and antiviral medications that thwart viral replication. The best strategy for remaining healthy, however, is to avoid becoming infected.

Here are some resources for more information:

U.S. National Library of Medicine

The National Academies

The Conversation